... to operate a separate program, one for the mail, one for news groups, and several different programs for accessing databases. This all changed in 1989. A researcher at CERN (a big European physics laboratory) named Tim Berners-Lee started to work on hypertext. By using hypertext he could link together all the different kinds of information available on the Internet. Berners-Lee called the software pack the World Wide Web. For the World Wide Web to work, each page has it’s own address that the web recognizes using a system called HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol). Each page has to be written with a special language called HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). ...
... is Howard Aiken’s Harvard Mark I (created in 1937), which was made up of 78 adding machines and calculators. Although Howard’s model was automatic, it was controlled by instructions punched into a roll of paper tape. There was a need for an all-electronic machine. This project was taken up by Dr. J. Presper Eckert Jr., and Dr. John W. Mauchly, with help from a few of their colleagues, in the spring of 1946. For two and a half years, they work diligently to construct a machine called the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator, or ENIAC. This machine was a complex of 500,000 connections that linked over 18,000 vacuum tubes, weighed 30 tons, and occ ...
... (the hub) surrounded by terminals. In a star network, messages pass directly from a node to the central computer, which handles any further routing (as to another node) that might be necessary. A star network is reliable in the sense that a node can fail without affecting any other node on the network. Its weakness, however, is that failure of the central computer results in a shutdown of the entire network. And because each node is individually wired to the hub, cabling costs can be high.Ring networkRing Network, in computer science, a local area network in which devices (nodes) are connected in a closed loop, or ring. Messages in a ring network pass in one direc ...
... is that part of a computer that faithfully does what his master tells him to do, with the help of input devices like a keyboard or a mouse. After all this so called sophisticated, next generation equipment, you need some sort of software. Software is a set of instructions to the C.P.U. from a source such as a floppy disk, a hard drive or a CD - ROM drive, in zillions of 1's and 0's. Each of these tiny little instructions makes up a bit. Then they assemble to form a byte. Bytes make up a program, which you run to use the computer's various applications. Now that you know more about computers than Einstein did, let me tell you something more about them, so that yo ...
... 1). The ‘19’ is “hard-coded” into computer hardware and software. Since there are only 2 physical spaces for the year in this date format, after ‘99’, the only logical choice is to reset the number to ‘00’. is unlike any other problem in modern history for several reasons. William Adams points out some of the most important ones. “Time is running out- the Year 2000 is inevitable! The problem will occur simultaneously worldwide, time zones withstanding. It affects all languages and platforms, hardware & software. The demand for solutions will exceed the supply. Survivors will survive big, losers will lose big. There is no ‘silver bullet’ tha ...
... mostly used for helpful things such as school work and business work, it can be manipulated to show vulgarity. Sites that contain pornography can be linked to with ease. These sites can be seen whether or not the child is purposely or mistakenly connecting to them. This is why mothers should act immediately if they do not want their children to be exposed to demeaning pictures of complete nudity and explicit sex. They need to monitor Internet use for their children by purchasing and installing a program that filters out pornography. Surprisingly, there is an unlimited amount of pornography on the Internet. Search engines that most kids use for gathering inform ...
... were afraid that if they logged off, they would never get back on. This forced America Online to upgrade enormous amounts of equipment, lease new telephone lines, and issue commercials apologizing for the whole predicament. They even started giving refunds to users who were never able to get on during the troubled ordeal. Some people are predicting, because of the length of Internet calls and the amount of bandwidth the calls take, that one day in the not so distant future, the entire telephone network, or at least a great portion of it, will cease to function, and all telephone calls will fail to connect. This idea is referred to by some as the "Gridlock Theor ...
... of the biggest groups that combated the censorship law is the CIEC (Citizens Internet Empowerment Coalition). The CIEC found and posted on their website some obvious problems with the CDA. “This law would prohibit texts of classic fiction such as the Catcher in the Ryer, Ulysees, “Seven Dirty Words” by George Carlin, and other materials which, although offensive to some, enjoy the full protection of the First Amendment if published in a newspaper, magazine, or a book, or in the public square”(CIEC). Hot-Wired, a very popular and prestigious Internet magazine, now famous for rallying one of the most infamous protests against Internet censorship, published an ...
... is referred to as the domain name , and a number ( 198.137.240.100 ) , which is generally referred to as the IP address or IP number. Most likely, the InterNIC will assign you a Class C address, which consists of 255 unique IP numbers for you to assign to your employees. If you need more than 255 IP address, you can apply for a Class B address, which will give you over 65,000 unique IP addresses. Class A addresses are for very large companies. Both Class A and Class B addresses are very hard, if not impossible, to get. Usually, companies will get multiple Class C addresses. Internet address The address can be split into a network number (or netw ...
... vapor. The transformation that occurs, provides a large amount of available work energy. The essential parts of all steam turbines consist of nozzles or jets through which the steam can flow and expand. Thus, the temperature drops, and kinetic energy is gained. In addition, there are blades, on which high pressure steam is exerted. Stationary blades shift the steam onto rotating blades, which provide power. Also, turbines are equipped with wheels or drums where the blades are mounted. A shaft for these wheels or drums is also a basic component, as well as an outer casing that confines the steam to the area of the turbine proper. In order to efficiently use t ...
