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, ascending mountains, most commonly as a recreational activity. is popular worldwide, wherever hills rise high enough to provide challenge. The activity’s rewards include the physical exertion it requires, the satisfaction of overcoming difficulties by working ....

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.... lost or strayed animals, or to gain a military advantage over an enemy. Eventually, the unknown and inaccessible ceased to be something to be feared and avoided, and the conquest of the major mountain peaks and ranges of the world began. Mountaineering as a sport was born on August 8, 1786, with the first ascent of Mont Blanc (4807 m/15,771 ft), Europe’s tallest peak. Since that ascent, has evolved into three related sports: alpine climbing, ice climbing, and rock climbing. These sports require the same fundamental techniques. II CLIMBING FUNDAMENTALS   Experienced climbers prepare for a climb by buying a topographical map and a regional guid ....