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During the American Civil War, successful Confederate campaign June–July 1862 to drive back Union forces threatening Richmond, Virginia. The success of the campaign was largely due to the tactical initiatives of General Robert E Lee, a military commander and an ....

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.... lying south of the river. This became known as the Battle of Seven Pines, a confused and bloody affair in which Johnston was severely wounded. Lee was given command of the army and began shuffling troops around in front of McClellan to convince him that he was faced with an enormous force. Lee then moved across the river and attacked the Union forces there; these fell back so that Lee could attack the southern half on its flank, and this, in turn, fell back. Lee continued in this manner, pushing one flank and then the other, McClellan backing away before him, and only the relative inexperience of Lee's staff and army allowed McClellan to escape with ....