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by Brent M. Pergram, Masters of Arts in Sociology The Martinson Report of the early 1970’s, said that rehabilitative efforts or treatment programs in general had failed to reduce recidivism. The Report led those in control of government and the criminal justic ....

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.... (Martinson, p.292). Martinson says that individual counseling also fails to reduce recidivism. In terms of group counseling he admits that a study of adult offenders did show improvement in attitudes of offenders, but since it did not include information on recidivism it was discounted. Martinson is criticized because the counseling programs may not seem to work because of the institutional environment outside the program. Martinson says that even in institutional environments that control every part of the offenders environment and treatment, did show a reduction in recidivism for one year. But he says the effects of such treatment ....