Beginning of Essay
Steelmaking involves the removal of iron's impurities and the addition of desirable alloying elements. Steel was first made by cementation, a process of heating bars of iron with charcoal so that the surface of the iron acquired a high carbon content. The bars wer ....

Middle of Essay
.... is the most widely used of the alloys; it is nonmagnetic and has the tensile properties of high-carbon steel without the brittleness. Stainless steel has a high tensile strength and resists abrasion and corrosion because of its high chromium content. It is used in kitchen utensils, plumbing fixtures, piping for industrial plants, architectural decoration, and other applications where durability is The exact date at which people discovered the technique of smelting iron ore to produce usable metal is not known. The earliest iron tools found by archaeologists in Egypt date from about 3000 BC, and iron ornaments were used even earlier; the comparativ ....