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The main features of are: The Earth's surface is covered by a series of crustal plates. The ocean floors are continually, moving, spreading from the center, sinking at the edges, and being regenerated. Convection currents beneath the plates move the crustal pl ....

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.... rise 3000 meters from the ocean floor and are more than 2000 kilometers wide surpassing the Himalayas in size. The mapping of the seafloor also revealed that these huge underwater mountain ranges have a deep trench which bisects the length of the ridges and in places is more than 2000 meters deep. Research into the heat flow from the ocean floor during the early 1960s revealed that the greatest heat flow was centered at the crests of these mid-oceanic ridges. Seismic studies show that the mid-oceanic ridges experience an elevated number of earthquakes. All these observations indicate intense geological activity at the mid-oceanic ridges. Geomagnetic ....