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An academic paper submitted to the Hamilton University in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Criminal Justice Written under the direction of the Office of the Faculty Advisor CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. JUVENILE CRIME 5 III. ....

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.... expressly for juveniles, the House of Refuge, was founded in New York City in 1824 so that institutionalized delinquents could be kept apart from adult criminals. By the mid-19th century, other state institutions for juvenile delinquents were established, and their populations soon included not only young criminals but also less serious offenders and dependent children. The movement spread rapidly throughout the U.S. and abroad. These early institutions were often very rigid and punitive. In the second half of the 19th century increased attention was given to the need for special legal procedures that would protect and guide the juvenile offender ....