Beginning of Essay
Being a foundationalist, Descartes needs to destroy the foundations of his beliefs so that in his Meditations he will be able to build upon new foundations of undeniable and self evident truths. In order to do this Descartes must first find a valid argument that w ....

Middle of Essay
.... standing, thinking about how their senses are deceiving them, with their feet planted on the ground, in their bedroom, feeling a little tired and so on. Only if one was, as Descartes writes, “..insane, whose brains are impaired by such an unrelenting vapor of black bile..” that they believe they are something other than what they are, would one doubt reality, without an argument. The argument is as follows: If the experience of a dream is indistinguishable between that dream and reality; and there is no test to differentiate between dreaming and awakens, then one must doubt the world outside their minds. This is so because even if one believe ....